农户多维贫困及致贫机理研究——以甘肃省840份农户为例

贫困是人的可行能力在收入或消费、教育、就业、医疗卫生、社会保障、获取信息和技术的机会等多个维度被剥削的现象,多维贫困指数反映了贫困人口或家庭的多维贫困发生率及承受的剥削强度。借鉴Alkire and Foeter开发的多维贫困测量方法,并以此方法为基础设计调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样选取甘肃省13个村子进行调查研究,然后利用对甘肃省部分农户家庭的实地调研数据,从收入、教育、健康、生活水平和社会关系5个维度对贫困地区农户的多维贫困状况进行了测算与分解。结果表明,1~5个维度的多维贫困指数分别为28.8%、21.7%、16.3%、7.6%和1.1%;甘肃省农户家庭的"基本可行能力"被剥削的情况严重,贫困发生率高,贫困深度和贫困强度均高于其它省份或地区。从农户所处贫困的维度状况梳理出了甘肃省农户致贫的机理:受教育水平不足导致的"能力贫困"导致家庭普遍陷入多维贫困和低收入均衡水平,其贡献率随着贫困维度增加而递减,对绝对贫困的贡献较小;而收入和健康的贫困贡献率随着贫困维度的增加而上升,在绝对贫困家庭中,家庭成员不理想的健康状态,尤其是主要劳动力残疾或患有重大疾病使得家庭陷入"贫困的恶性循环"。未来政府扶贫政策制定和执行应根据致贫维度状况进行有效瞄准,更加关注农户遭受的"能力贫困"困境,提高扶贫效率。     

藏区特色产业可持续发展探析——以果洛藏族自治州冬虫夏草产业为例

随着近年来国内外对冬虫夏草需求的增加,价格大幅上涨,吸引了大批人群集中采挖,一方面促进了当地农牧民收入增加,另一方面也造成了对生态资源的严重破坏,冬虫夏草分布区域面积也在逐年缩小。合理而科学地利用好冬虫夏草资源,可以增加牧民群众收入,有利于保护生态环境,促进当地社会经济的可持续发展。果洛州冬虫夏草产业发展的主要问题在于:当地群众观念落后,政府监管力度不够,采集方式缺乏科学性与营销手段较为单一。对果洛州冬虫夏草产业发展的SWOT分析显示:优势在于产量较大,潜在的经济价值十分可观;劣势在于受自然因素与人为因素的影响,市场风险较大;机会来自于当地政府的产业扶持政策;威胁来自于交易价格不稳定,旅游市场影响与各种虫草品牌的竞争。结合当地实际情况,研究从转变传统观念、建立专业销售平台、实现科学采集及营销模式多样化等4个方面就果洛州冬虫夏草产业可持续发展提出了建议。     

农户绿色生产“强意愿弱行为”的再审视：基于资源约束和社会规范视角——以个人规范为中介变量

目的 当前农村环境问题日益凸显,突破农户绿色生产“高意愿低行为”困境,对促进农村农业绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 文章利用甘肃省649户问卷调查数据,采用有序Logit回归模型,以及中介效应与调节效应检验方法,基于农户“经济人和社会人”的双重身份属性,探讨资源禀赋、社会规范对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离的影响。结果 （1）资源禀赋差异是导致农户意愿与行为不一致的根源问题,软化资源禀赋约束有利于实现农户绿色生产意愿向行为的转化,其中有机肥代替化肥补贴、水利设施完善程度、加入农村合作社、村民之间的信赖关系对抑制农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离均存在显著作用。（2）个体特征中,户主年龄对农户绿色生产意愿向行为的转化存在负向的干扰作用。（3）社会规范、个人规范均对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离产生负向显著影响,而社会规范对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离的影响以直接效应为主,可通过个人规范间接负向作用于农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离。（4）社会规范在经济资本、物质资本、社会资本与农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离关系中具有正向调节作用。结论 为有效实现农户绿色生产意愿与行为的统一,在农业环境政策的制定中应强调不同农户之间的禀赋差异,同时要注重发挥社会规范作用,积极引导农户向绿色生产行为的转化。     

Endogenous timing and the choice of quality in a vertically differentiated duopoly

The endogenous choice of timing is discussed in a vertically differentiated duopoly where quality improvement requires a fixed convex cost. The timing decision concerns the quality stage. Using an extended game with observable delay, it is shown that only simultaneous equilibria can arise. This puts into question the ability of Stackelberg games to describe the entry process.     

甘肃河西地区啤酒大麦产业化发展现状与对策

通过对甘肃河西地区啤酒大麦产业化发展优势、现状及存在问题的分析,提出了该区啤酒大麦产业化可持续发展中建立优质啤酒大麦产业化生产基地,加快优良品种引进与推广,以市场为导向、效益为纽带、培育和完善市场体系,增强龙头企业的辐射带动作用,全面优化市场秩序,完善生产经营,促进啤酒大麦生产健康发展的对策。     

How do trade openness,public expenditure and institutional performance affect unemployment in OIC countries? Evidence from the DCCE approach

This study explores the relationship between trade openness, public expenditure, institutional performance, and unemployment in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (formerly the Organization of the Islamic Conference). The conventional panel data techniques overlook cross-sectional dependence and yield-biased results. A new methodology called dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) is employed to deal with the issue of cross-sectional dependence. The long-run results demonstrate that trade openness is inversely and significantly associated with overall unemployment and youth unemployment in lower-income as well as all the OIC economies and positively correlated in the higher-income OIC group. Public expenditure has an inverse and significant correlation with unemployment in OIC countries overall and higher-income OIC countries. Moreover, institutional performance and foreign direct investment are negatively related to unemployment in all OIC economies. The research shows the need for the continuation of open trade policies, strong institutions, and higher public expenditure in the OIC countries in order to decrease overall unemployment—in particular, youth unemployment.     

“互联网+”背景下兰州市特色农产品物流发展研究

近年来互联网技术的应用,有效推动力了兰州市特色农产品物流的迅速发展,但目前发展水平并不高。文章通过对兰州特色农产品物流业的现状展开分析,发现目前仍存在物流成本高、基础设施不完善、信息化水平低、缺乏专业化物流人才等问题,基于此,提出相关对策建议,以期为兰州市特色农产品物流业的发展提供参考。     

Asymmetric causality of economic policy uncertainty and oil volatility index on time-varying nexus of the clean energy,carbon and green bond

Vigorously developing the clean energy industry, improving the carbon allowance trading scheme, and issuing green bonds can effectively reduce emissions. To this end, this study aims to investigate the time-varying connections among clean energy, carbon, and green bonds through the DCC-MIDAS model, thus providing a bird's-eye view of their dynamic nexus. A non-parametric causality-in-quantile method is also employed to adequately capture the asymmetric causation of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and the oil volatility index (OVX) on cross-asset correlations under different market conditions. The primary results imply complicated links among these three assets, with alternating positive and negative trends throughout the sample period. Notably, turbulence in financial markets can exacerbate network connectivity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, EPU and OVX can serve as strong predictors across various distributions of cross-market connections, which indicates that co-movement between assets is vulnerable to exogenous risks, especially under normal market conditions. Our findings have broader implications for market participants and policymakers.     

农村环境治理问题与对策调查分析——以天水市杨王村为例

本文针对农村环境治理中存在的突出问题,对天水市杨王村进行了实地调查,发现以下几方面的特点:村民的不理解、不配合、治理资金的匮乏、治理主体责任划分模糊以及缺乏长效的监督管理机制是当前所面临的突出问题,文章对存在的问题进行原因分析,提出了如下建议,我们应不断提高环境保护意识,领导干部要积极树立榜样,建立合理的奖惩机制,积极筹措资金不断完善环境治理体系的建设,以保障美丽乡村目标的实现。